Filtering water bottle

ABSTRACT

A portable, personal apparatus for treating drinking water comprises a generally tubular or cylindrical filter housing containing filtration media and water-permeable screen or mesh or felt or membrane or netting layer at the top and bottom ends of the filter. The design of the apparatus involves the bottle exterior and interior contouring to the filter and enables the efficient and rapid gravity flow of water in through the filter. The apparatus may be configured such that water is first passed through a top reservoir designed to receive water, followed by a porous mesh, followed by granular filtration and antimicrobial media agitated by turbulent motion of influent water, followed by a porous mesh before reaching a durable and reusable water containment vessel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/380,228 filed Sep. 4, 2010 entitled “Filtering WaterBottle”, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates, generally, to water filters and water vessels.More specifically, this invention relates to a reusable water bottledesigned with a mounted filtration cartridge.

Point-of-use filters are used in daily life by people across all walksof life in developed and developing countries alike to removecontaminants and improve taste of drinking water. The multibillionbottled water industry created over the past decade claims the majorityof Americans as regular consumers, many of which are daily drinkers ofbottled water, making bottle water the third most consumed bottledbeverage in the country. The top three reasons cited for use areconvenience, improved taste, and quality concerns. Despite thepopularity of bottled water, consumers are becoming increasingly awareof the incredible cost and environmental damage caused by the industry.

Existing reusable gravity-fed or pitcher filtration systems providefiltered water for consumers but require lengthy filtration times andprovide no portability.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, there is a portable, personal apparatus for treatingdrinking water, comprising: a generally tubular or cylindrical filterhousing having a filter containing filtration media that comprises awater-permeable screen or mesh or felt or membrane or netting layer atthe top and bottom ends of the filter enabling gravity flow of waterthrough the filter.

In one embodiment there is a portable, personal apparatus for treatingdrinking water, comprising: a generally tubular or cylindrical filterhousing containing filtration media that comprises a water-permeablescreen or mesh or felt or membrane or netting layer at the top andbottom ends of the filter enabling rapid gravity flow of water throughthe filter. In one embodiment, the filter allows for bidirectional flow.In one embodiment, the filter allows for low-pressure drop. In oneembodiment, the filter allows for a bottle fill rate of 0.5-5 Lpmthrough the filter cartridge.

In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a reservoir at the topentrance of the filter to temporarily hold and funnel influent into thefilter. In one embodiment, a cap is placed on top of the filter toprevent water from escaping the unit when sealed. In one embodiment, thecap is sealable. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a portable,personal, reusable bottle body serving as a vessel upon which saidfilter is attached. In one embodiment, the bottle is designed to matchthe functional, ergonomic curvature of the entire device. In oneembodiment, the filter comprises one or more of the following media:adsorbent media, granular activated carbon, KDF-55, KDF-85, brassfilings, CuZn, ion exchange media, ion exchange resin, zeolites,activated alumina, mechanical filtration mesh, oxidation media,activated carbon cloth, carbon mesh, carbon screen, carbon padding,carbon fabric, carbon sponge, carbon foam, carbon felt or carbon fibermat. In one embodiment, the media is homogeneously mixed, separated,compartmentalized, orientated, heterogeneously mixed, or any combinationthereof.

In one embodiment, the filter comprises filtration pellets that areincorporated with agents including, but not limited to, antimicrobialagents, biocidal agents, silver, titania, zinc, KDF fines, ion exchangemedia, zeolites, activated alumina, powdered activated carbon, oxidationmedia, nanoparticles, microparticles, adsorbing agents, absorbingagents, catalytic agents, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment,said agents are surface-embedded into the said filtration pellets. Inone embodiment, at least two filtration media are chosen as to interactwith one another and enhance filtration efficacy. In one embodiment, thecombination of two or more media are chosen such that rate ofcontaminant reduction is greater with the combination than that withindividual media is not housed in combination. In one embodiment, thephenomena associated with media combinations may be but are not limitedto co-precipitation, ion exchange, redox reaction, oxidation, reduction,chelation, flocculation, absorption, adsorption, physicalde-mobilization, chemical de-mobilization, or any combination thereof.In one embodiment, at least two filtration media are used in a layeredconfiguration where influent water contacts one filtration media regionor compartment prior to another filtration media region or compartment,in a fashion to enhance contaminant reduction and filtration efficacy.

In one embodiment, the filter can reduce at least one contaminantconforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard at a given flow rate of 0.1Lpm-2.1 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filter can reduce at least onecontaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard at a given flow rateof 0.1 Lpm-1.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filter can reduce at leastone contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard at a given flowrate of 1.0 Lpm-2.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filter can reduce atleast one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard at a givenflow rate of 2.0 Lpm-3.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filter can reduceat least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard at agiven flow rate of 3.0 Lpm-5.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filter canreduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42 standardat a given flow rate of 0.1 Lpm-5.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, the filtercan reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42standard at a flow rate greater than 5.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 0.1 Lpm-2.1 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 0.1 Lpm-1.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 1.0 Lpm-2.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 2.0 Lpm-3.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 3.0 Lpm-5.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a given flow rate of 0.1 Lpm-5.0 Lpm. In one embodiment, thefilter can reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 53standard at a flow rate greater than 5.0 Lpm.

In one embodiment, the filter comprises a means to reduce at least oneof the following: contaminants, organic compounds, inorganic compounds,chloramines, chlorine, particulates, turbidity, arsenic, lead, cadmium,chromium, copper, formazin, pesticides, atrazine, volatile organiccompounds, hormones, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, or the likefrom drinking water. In one embodiment, the filter reduces contaminatesat a given flow rate of 0.1-2.1 Lpm. In one embodiment, the variousmaterial enclosure(s) of the components of the disclosed inventioncomprise one or more of the following: metal, thermoplastic, thermoset,bioplastic, biopolymer, Eastman Tritan® Copolyester,polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, polylactic acid (PLA),polyglycolic acid (PGA), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS),high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN),polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high densitypolyethylene (HDPE), polycarbonate (PC), BPA-free polycarbonate (PC),polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS), polyester, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polysulfone (PES),polysulphone (PSU), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),stainless steel, glass, silica, ceramic, metal, metal oxide, bio-derivedpolyethylene, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butryrate, celluloseproprionate, ECM biofilm, PHB biocomposite, plastarch, or any copolymeror combination thereof. In one embodiment, the apparatus may comprise inaddition a filter bag with filtration media contained therein. In oneembodiment, the apparatus may additionally comprise antimicrobialcomponents. In one embodiment, the apparatus may additionally comprisevisual indicators of device performance. In one embodiment, theapparatus may additionally comprise a straw. In one embodiment, theapparatus may additionally comprise a filter “puck” or activated carbonblock. In one embodiment the filter “puck” or activated carbon block maybe most effective when paired with a shaking or agitation action. In oneembodiment, the apparatus may additionally comprise one or morefiltration chambers. In one embodiment, the apparatus may additionallycomprise a secondary bottle opening. In one embodiment, the apparatusmay additionally comprise a sachet filtration system. In anotherembodiment, the apparatus may comprise a filter press, wherein there isuncontained filtration media which can be contained by pressing thefilter press, thereby, preventing the filter media from exiting thebottle or being ingested; conceptually this is similar to a French presscoffee maker, but instead of coffee grounds, there would be filtrationmedia.

In another embodiment, there is a portable, reusable apparatus fortreating drinking water, comprising: a bottle having a mouth; a filterhousing including a water filter and a reservoir, the filter housingconfigured to be removeably and scalingly attached to the mouth of thebottle; and a cap configured to sealingly close the reservoir of thefilter housing. In one embodiment, the filter housing and the bottle arethreadably attached. In one embodiment, the cap and the filter housingare threadably attached. In one embodiment, the filter is configured tofilter water entering and exiting the bottle when the filter housing isattached to the bottle.

In another embodiment, there is a portable, reusable apparatus fortreating drinking water, comprising: a generally cylindrical bottlehaving a mouth; a generally cylindrical filter housing including a waterfilter and a reservoir, the filter housing configured to be threadablyattached to the mouth of the bottle, the water filter being configuredto reduce at least one contaminant conforming to the NSF/ANSI 42standard as water passes through the water filer and into the bottle ata flow rate of at least 0.8 Lpm; and a cap configured to threadablyclose the reservoir of the filter housing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description ofembodiments of the filtering water bottle, will be better understoodwhen read in conjunction with the appended drawings of an exemplaryembodiment. It should be understood, however, that he invention is notlimited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a filtering water bottle inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a filtering mechanism of thefiltering water bottle illustrated in FIG. 1 with a schematicillustration of the filtering media;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a cap of the filtering water bottleillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a bottle of the filtering waterbottle illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partial top plan view of the filter mechanism illustrated inFIG. 2 showing a ventilation mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a partial top plan view of the filter mechanism illustrated inFIG. 2 showing an alternative construction of a ventilation mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the filtering mechanism of thefiltering water bottle illustrated in FIG. 1 showing an alternativeconstruction of the filtering mechanism shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a side elevational schematic view of a sachet filled with highperformance filtration media that may be utilized with the filteringmechanism as shown, for example, in FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the filtering mechanism of thefiltering water bottle illustrated in FIG. 1 showing an alternativeschematic construction of the filtering mechanism which utilizes aremovable filter bag which contains the filtering media.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With perception of the quality of tap water being low and acceptance ofwater filtration being high (based on popularity of use home filtrationunits), people are looking for an improved mobile point-of-usefiltration system.

Known reusable filtering water bottles are inconvenient, complicated,expensive, and only filter water as the water is departing the bottlethrough the filter, in other words, they only filter water on the wayout of the bottle. These designs force users to adapt their way ofdrinking water from their bottle; for example, users have to strenuouslysqueeze the bottle to force water through the filter and into theirmouth, strenuously suck water out of the filter, etc.

Gravity flow filtration systems known in the art include primarilypour-through carafes or pitchers and refrigerator water tanks developedby Clorox (BRITA®), Culligan™, Rubbermaid™, and Glacier Pure™. Some ofthe drawbacks of leading pitcher filters include weak acid cationexchange resins needing long contact times and large resin volumes(typically 65% of the volume of the filter) to work effectively. Also,excessive voids or channeling may form between granules therebydegrading the effect of the filters. Additionally, some filteringpitchers and refrigerator water tanks are not portable and are notconfigured for a user to drink directly from the container.

In some embodiments, the filtering water bottle of the present inventionis configured to filter water as it is added to the bottle. In oneembodiment, the filtering water bottle of the present invention includesa 1) fast flowing gravity percolation filtration unit and a 2) reusablebottle with an open top end having a means of securing said filterwherein the bottle is configured to filter water on its way into thebottle via gravity. In one embodiment, the filter is bi-directional toallow filtering in and out of the bottle. In a preferred, non-limitingembodiment, the filter assembly may be a cylindrical housing comprisingone or more filtration elements, including, but not limited to, coarsemedia, such as activated carbon, and antimicrobial pellets designed toincrease flow rate of liquid through the cylindrical housing while alsohelping to prevent bacterial growth in the filter. In a preferrednon-limiting embodiment, the filtration media may be contained in thefilter assembly itself. In another preferred non-limiting embodiment,the filtration media may be contained in a replaceable cartridge thatfits into the filter assembly. Characteristic dimensions of the coarsemedia ranges may range in diameter from 1.5 mm to 5 mm.

In a preferred non-limiting embodiment, water enters the filter assemblythrough the entrance at the top, enters an overflow reservoir, passesinto a cylindrical unit housing filter media, and exits through saidcylindrical unit through the open end of the filter housing into thebody of the plastic bottle. The entrance of the filter assembly maycontain features to accommodate a cap, by screw threads or interferencefit. The entrance of the cylindrical unit may be positioned below areservoir designed to catch excess outflow from the source. The entranceof the cylindrical filter may be covered with a porous material withpores greater than or equal to 400 microns to permit the expulsion ofair from within the filter assembly. The exit of the filter may becovered with another porous material for containment of the coarsefilter media. Preferred porous materials may have high wettability forreduced surface tension and higher filtration and flow rates. The filterencasing may have one or more ventilation hole(s) positioned andconfigured to vent air from inside the bottle chamber to outside thefilter assembly as water displaces air inside the bottle during bottlefilling. The filter assembly may be attached to the bottle at the openend by screw threads or interference fit. In one embodiment, the userremoves the filter and drinks from the bottle. In one embodiment, theuser drinks the water coming back through the filter. In a preferrednon-limiting embodiment, the bottle unit is characterized by adistinctive shape of two symmetric parabolas with radius between 10inches to 50 inches, with the outer geometry of all parts (i.e., cap,filter, etc.) designed to continue the parabolic curve seamlessly.

In describing the non-limiting embodiments of the present invention, thefollowing terms may be employed:

“Activated carbon”: Includes, in some embodiments, highly porous andhigh adsorption surface area having a random or amorphous structure,comprising, without limitation, carbon derived from coconut shells,coconut coir, corn husk, polyacrylonitrile polymer, charred cellulosicfibers, wood, coal, bituminous coal, agricultural waste, cellulosicmaterials, leaves, bamboo, or the like.

“Bi-directional”: In some embodiments, refers to the ability of thefiltration unit to have water flow from the top through to the bottomportions or alternatively from the bottom through to the top. Apreferred, though non-limiting, mode of use of the present invention isto filter water flowing from the top through to the bottom and into thewater bottle body, although the user may also have the option of(re)filtering water from the water bottle body entering through thebottom of the filter unit through to the top of the filter unit.

“Filtration”: Includes, in some embodiments, various types of processingand media that effectively remove metals, chemicals, elements, organicmolecules, microorganisms, or other contaminants in liquid. “Filtration”may also include the addition of chemicals, flavorings, antimicrobialagents, ions, or other liquid treatments.

“Filtration media”: Includes, in some embodiments, any material,substance, or combination of materials that may be useful forcontrolling the filtration performance of a device when water comes intocontact with said materials. Filtration media as used herein may includeadsorbent media, granular activated carbon, KDF-55, KDF-85, brassfilings, CuZn, ion exchange media, ion exchange resin, zeolites,activated alumina, mechanical filtration mesh, oxidation media,activated carbon cloth, carbon mesh, carbon screen, carbon padding,carbon fabric, carbon sponge, carbon foam, carbon felt, carbon fibermat, functionalized polymer or the like.

Referring to the drawings in detail, wherein like reference numeralsindicate like elements throughout, there is shown in FIGS. 1-9 afiltering water bottle, generally designated 5, in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5 is foruse in filtering water as it enters filtering water bottle 5, thereforeproviding filtered water from filtering water bottle 5 during thedispensing action. In one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5, includesa filter 2 attached proximate an opening of a bottle 3. In oneembodiment (illustrated in FIG. 2), filter 2 includes filter media 4. Inone embodiment, bottle 3 includes a neck 6 as the opening or orificethrough which water enters bottle 3 from a filter 2 and where liquid isdispensed from bottle 3. In one embodiment, bottle 3 is ergonomicallyshaped. In one embodiment, bottle 3 is reusable.

In some embodiments, filter 2 is removeably attached to bottle 3. Inother embodiments, filter 2 is fixably attached to bottle 3. In oneembodiment, filter 2 includes a housing 27, a distal or first end 9, anda proximal or second opposite end, 10. With reference to FIG. 2, in oneembodiment, at first end 9, a hollow space or reservoir 11 exists toprovide a reservoir for liquid to collect prior to the filtering action.In one embodiment, filter housing 27 is comprised of a rigid material.The shape, width and length of filter 2 may depend on the shape and sizeof bottle 3. In some embodiments, housing 27 has an outside diameter(circular configuration is preferred but not essential) of 1-3 inchesnear first end 9 and 0.25-3 inches near second opposite end 10, anddimensioned to fit through neck 6 (see FIG. 1). In one embodiment, thelength of filter 2, i.e. the distance between end 9 and end 10, isbetween 1 and 8 inches.

In some embodiments, disposed adjacent first end 9 is a cap 1. In oneembodiment, cap 1 attaches to filter 2 to close reservoir 11. In oneembodiment, cap 1 is comprised of a rigid material configured to screwinto filter 2. Alternatively, in other embodiments, instead of ascrew-on cap, cap 1 may attach to filter 2 using a bayonet fit, snapfit, interference fit, or as another suitable manner. As describedfurther below, cap 1 may include a sealable drinking straw or port.

Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the hollow interior of filter 2is divided into two parts. In one embodiment, adjacent to first end 9 isreservoir 11 that is substantially open when cap 1 is open to hold anyliquid backed up or upstream from filter 2 when in operation. In oneembodiment, reservoir 11 continues to retain water upstream from filter2 when cap 1 is closed. In one embodiment, filter 2 is removed frombottle 3 before drinking from bottle 3. In some embodiments, filteringwater bottle 5 may be turned end over end such that the water makesmultiple passes through filter 2 in two directions based on theperceived contaminants in the source water. In some embodiments, filter2 may be configured to attach to bottle 3 in either filtering directionsuch that after filtering water into bottle 3 in one direction, filter 2may be inverted with respect to bottle 3, allowing the user to filterthe water a second time through filter 2 in the same direction throughfilter 2 while drinking from bottle 3. In one embodiment, reservoir 11is a fraction of the volume of bottle 3. In other embodiments, reservoir11 is approximately equal to the volume of bottle 3.

In one embodiment, the second part of filter 2, below reservoir 11, is achamber 12 that contains filtering elements or media 4. In oneembodiment, between reservoir 11 and chamber 12 is a divider 7 comprisedof a porous material designed to retain filtering media 4 but allowwater to enter chamber 12 substantially unhindered. In one embodiment,divider 7 is configured to allow air trapped within chamber 12 to ventand escape outside filter 2. Divider 7 may be removable or fixed inplace between reservoir 11 and chamber 12 by any number of methodsincluding insert molding, interference fit, snap fit, sonic welding,spin welding, or heat welding. In one embodiment, second end 10 includesan opening covered with a porous pad 8 designed to retain filter 2 andallow water to exit chamber 12 substantially unhindered. Pad 8 may beremovable or fixed in place to second end 10 by any number of methodsincluding insert molding, interference fit, snap fit, sonic welding,spin welding, or heat welding.

Filter media 4 contained within chamber 12 may comprise a wide varietyof configurations and made of a wide variety of materials. In someembodiments, a preferred material for at least a part of the filterelement is activated carbon, which may be in the form of powder,granules, spheres, sheets, tubes, cloth, mesh, screen, padding, fabric,sponge, foam, felt, et cetera. In some embodiments, media 4 includesactivated carbon 22 that is in granular form. In some embodiments,another preferred material for at least a part of the filter element isfiltration pellets 23. In one embodiment, filtration pellets 23 arepellets (between approximately 1 mm and approximately 5 mm in diameter)surface-embedded with particles. In one embodiment, such particles havea composition as disclosed by Innova Dynamics, Inc. (formerly InnovaMaterials, LLC) in International PCT Patent Applications WO/2008/150867and WO/2010/022353, and U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 61/126,589,61/189,540, and 61/203,661 all of which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the surface enhancementcan be used to impart characteristics to filtration pellets 23 thatinclude antimicrobial, filtration, ion exchange, adsorbent, flavor,fragrance, deodorizing, nutrient, and/or water-softening properties. Inone embodiment, filtration pellets 23 are surface-embedded with one ormore of the following non-limiting ingredients: antimicrobials,biocides, silver, silver-based glass, titania, zinc, KDF, CuZn alloy,ions, ion exchange media, zeolites, activated alumina, powderedactivated carbon, oxidation media or the like.

It should be understood that activated carbon is only one form that thefilter element can take. Alternatively, the filter element may includean ion exchange media, absorbent media, adsorbent media, KDF-55, KDF-85,brass filings, CuZn, ion exchange resin, zeolites, activated alumina,mechanical filtration mesh, oxidation media, carbon fabric, carboncloth, membranes, catalysts, or any combination thereof.

In one embodiment, filter 2 is attached to bottle 3 near neck 6 usingany number of fits including interference, snap-on, screw thread,bayonet, amongst others. In some embodiments such as shown in FIGS. 2,7, and 9, filter 2 is attached to bottle 3 using screw threads. In oneembodiment, there is male threading 16 on neck 6 that matches the femalethreading 15 on filter 2. In one embodiment, cap 1 is attached to filter2 using male threading 13 that match with second female threading 14 onfilter 2.

In one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5 is configured to allow airto vent through filter 2 to help speed up filtration. In someembodiments, vents are provided in filter 2 for additional ventilation.Referring to FIG. 5, in one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5includes one or more ventilation holes 17. In one embodiment,ventilation holes 17 are configured to allow air inside of bottle 3 tovent outside of bottle 3 as water poured through filter 2 enters bottle3. In alternative embodiments, some other type of vent may be providedto allow air to pass out of bottle 3. For example, a straw drinkingmechanism may provide a conduit for air displaced by filtered waterentering bottle 3.

Referring to FIG. 6, in addition to or instead of a plurality of holes,filtering water bottle 5 may include a single ventilation hole 18. Insome embodiments, ventilation holes 17, 18 are sealable to prevent waterfrom spilling from bottle 3. For example, cap 1 may removeably seal offventilation holes 17, 18 when bottle 3 is not in use for filtration. Inone embodiment, filtering water bottle 5 includes a designated drinkinglocation such as for example a spout, indented area and/or indicia. Inone embodiment, ventilation holes 17, 18 are spaced, such as beingdiametrically opposed, from the drinking area to reduce the potentialfor spilling water from bottle 3 during use.

FIGS. 7 and 9 show alternative non-limiting embodiments of the filterelements. Referring to FIG. 7, in one embodiment, filter 2′ includesactivated carbon 22 and filtration pellets 23 as described in theembodiments above but in addition to these filter media 4, there existsa sachet 19 of high performance filtration media 21.

Referring to FIG. 8, sachet 19, in one embodiment, includes a porousmesh 20 designed to let water pass in and out without obstructing flow.In one embodiment, the pore size of the mesh is designed to keep highperformance filtration media 21 contained. In this context, highperformance filtration media 21 may include, for example, ion exchangemedia, adsorbent media, KDF-55, KDF-85, brass filings, CuZn, ionexchange resins, zeolites, activated alumina, mechanical filtrationmesh, oxidation media or the like.

Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, all of filtration media 4, suchas activated carbon 22 and filtration pellets 23, is contained within afilter bag 24 of the filter 2″. In one embodiment, filter bag 24 is madeout of a porous and flexible mesh material designed to pass waterwithout restricting its flow. In one embodiment, filter bag 24 isconfigured to contain all filtration media 4 within it and not let anyfragments pass downstream. In one embodiment, filter bag 24 has a filterscreen 25 secured into open end 28. In one embodiment, filter screen 25may be secured to the filter bag 24 by various techniques includinginterference fit, snap fit, adhesive, sonic welding, spin welding, orheat welding. In one embodiment, filter bag 24 is inserted into filterhousing 27 and may be secured in place by various mechanisms. One suchmechanism is to scat filter screen 25 into a groove 26 designed to holdit in place non-permanently. If needed, filter bag 24, in oneembodiment, can be removed and replaced when the filter elements becomesaturated.

Embodiments of the present invention may include various components thatare described in further detail below.

Portable Filter

In some embodiments, the present invention is designed to provide rapidpoint-of-use filtration and/or purification of liquid in a portableform-factor.

Fast Flowing Filter

In one embodiment, filter 2 is configured and dimensioned to allow airto vent through the filter itself. In some embodiments, filter 2 allowsair to vent through the filter while achieving a flow rate ofapproximately 1 Liters per minute (Lpm) to approximately 10 Lpm. In oneembodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately0.1 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greaterthan approximately 0.2 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate throughfilter 2 is greater than approximately 0.3 Lpm. In one embodiment, theflow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately 0.4 Lpm. In oneembodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately0.5 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greaterthan approximately 0.6 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate throughfilter 2 is greater than approximately 0.7 Lpm. In one embodiment, theflow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately 0.75 Lpm. Inone embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater thanapproximately 0.8 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2is greater than approximately 0.9 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-ratethrough filter 2 is greater than approximately 1 Lpm. In one embodiment,the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately 2 Lpm. Inone embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater thanapproximately 3 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2is greater than approximately 4 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-ratethrough filter 2 is greater than approximately 5 Lpm. In one embodiment,the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately 6 Lpm. Inone embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater thanapproximately 7 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2is greater than approximately 8 Lpm. In one embodiment, the flow-ratethrough filter 2 is greater than approximately 9 Lpm. In one embodiment,the flow-rate through filter 2 is greater than approximately 10 Lpm. Inone embodiment, the flow-rate through filter 2 is approximately 1.9 Lpmto approximately 2.3 Lpm. In some embodiments, flow rates are achievedwithout causing the hindrance in flow resulting from a vacuum or pocketof air being trapped within the filter. Filter 2 may also containventilation pores, channels, or holes 17, 18 that pass through theplastic housing and allow air inside bottle 3 to vent when liquid flowsinto bottle 3 and displaces air.

In one embodiment, filter 2 is an in-bound filter. In one embodiment,water enters filter 2 and then passes the open end of the bottle (mouth)9 into the chamber of bottle 3 by the force of gravity. In someembodiments, the filtering cartridge or the entire filtering portion 2is replaceable.

In use, a user would remove cap 1 and fill the container through filter2, resulting in bottle 3 being filled with filtered water. With cap 1back in place, the user may remove the cap 1 and filter assembly 2 inorder to drink the water straight from bottle 3. In a preferred,non-limiting, embodiment, bottle 3 would comprise a wide-mouth opening.

In a non-limiting embodiment, the entrance of filter 2, where theinfluent water is poured in, would comprise a small reservoir 11 whichcould temporarily hold water and direct it to flow through filter 2. Ifthe influent flow rate is higher than the effluent flow rate, thenreservoir 11 would begin to fill with source water. In anothernon-limiting embodiment, reservoir 11 is configured to include anoverflow feature, that is configured to allow excess influent to pourover the side of the filter and the side of bottle 3 so that is does notinterfere with the filtering or enter ventilation holes 17, 18.

Modular Filter Assembly

In one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5, includes separate cap andfilter components. Cap 1 allows for filter 2 to be exposed in order tofilter water and fill bottle 3. Once filtration is completed and cap 1is replaced, this assembly allows cap 1 and filter 2 to be unscrewed asone piece, allowing one to drink directly from the mouth of bottle 3without the filtering water going back through filtering media 4. Cap 1may also include, but not limited to, a feature to expose a drinkingspout without requiring the unscrewing of cap 1. This drinking spout maybe an opening with an air vent or a straw-like device, amongst otherthings. This spout may also be built into a separate rotating disc thatturns 10 degrees to 30 degrees to reveal a drinking port.

Bi-Directional Filter

In some embodiments, filter 2 is configured to filter water as bottle 3is filled and while the water is being drunk from bottle 3. In oneembodiment, filtering water bottle 5 is configured to filter waterflowing from the top through to the bottom and into bottle 3 and thenthe user removes filter 2 before drinking. In alternative embodiments,filtering water bottle 5 is configured to allow filtering and/orre-filtering water from bottle 3 entering through the bottom of thefilter unit through to the top of the filter unit. In one embodimentwith bi-directional filtering, the user may turn filtering water bottle5 end over end like an hour glass to run the water through filter media4 two or more times.

Granular Filtration Elements

In one embodiment, filter 2 uses 4×8 and 8×12 mesh size granularactivated carbon that reduces chlorine, chloramines, particulates, andvolatile organic compounds. In one embodiment, filter 2 includes pelletfiltration media, such as polymer pellets (from approximately 1 mm toapproximately 5 mm in diameter) embedded on the surface withantimicrobial agents. In one embodiment, plastic resin pellets aresurface embedded with filtering agents that actively sequestercontaminants present in the exposed liquid. In one embodiment thefiltering agents have a composition as disclosed in PCT PatentApplications WO/2008/150867 and WO/2010/022353, and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications 61/126,589, 61/189,540, and 61/203,661.

In one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5 may include 4×8, 6×12, 8×16,8×30 or 12×30 granular or powder activated carbon with ion exchangeresin and other adsorbents and media, that facilitates rapid flow ratesof about 0.5 Lpm to about 5 Lpm with a gravity or pour-through setup.

Filter Pad

In one embodiment, filter pad 8 is included with porosity ranging fromapproximately 50 um to approximately 500 um to cover the bottom openingof filter housing 27. In one embodiment, filter pad 8 reduces surfacetension of water flowing out of filter 2, improving flowcharacteristics. In one embodiment, filter pad 8 retains any filtrationmedia while allowing any ash content contained within carbon media topass through without restricting flow rate. In a non-limitingembodiment, filter pad 8 may be sonically welded onto the bottom crossmember of the filter housing in order to prevent any media leakage. Inanother non-limiting embodiment, filter pad 8 may be insert injectionmolded into the filter housing in order to prevent any media leakage andsimplify the manufacturing process.

Venting Mesh

In one embodiment, top opening of filter housing 27 is covered by a meshwith porosity from approximately 50 um to approximately 2000 um, toallow air within the filter to escape during filtration. The mesh cancover the filter opening by various methods such as insert injectionmolding, interference fit, sonic welding, heat welding, spin welding, oradhesive.

Filter Bag

In one embodiment, at least part of filter media 4 may be containedwithin a separate filter bag 24 that may comprise a rigid ring sewn intoa mesh bag 20/24 with a porosity of approximately 100 um toapproximately 1000 um. In one embodiment, the opening encircled by arigid ring is covered by a venting mesh, similar to the one describedabove. In one embodiment, this venting mesh can be affixed to the filterbag assembly by various methods such as insert injection molding,interference fit, sonic welding, heat sealing, or adhesive. In oneembodiment, filter bag 20/24 is configured to fit into filter housing27. In one embodiment, filter bag 24 locks into a lip feature insidechamber 12. A cap may be provided that is configured to seal on anotherlip above the position of filter bag 24, ensuring that it is always inthe correct position.

Antimicrobial Components

In one embodiment, filter housing 27, cap 1, bottle 3 and all othercomponents that contact the drinking water are enhanced with anantimicrobial agent that keeps bacteria from growing on these parts andin areas exposed to enhanced surfaces, such as the filtration media andthe bottle lip, in order to prevent bacterial growth typical in reusablewater bottles which usually result in foul odor. Antimicrobialingredients may be bulk-incorporated into polymer material, depositedvia a coating comprising a secondary layer with binder, orsurface-embedded. In one embodiment, the coating includes a compositionand/or manufacturing method as disclosed by Innova Dynamics, Inc.(formerly Innova Materials, LLC) in PCT Patent ApplicationsWO/2008/150867 and WO/2010/022353, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplications 61/126,589, 61/189,540, and 61/203,661.

Bottle Body

In one embodiment, the outer geometry or contour of bottle 3 is aconcave parabola rotated about an axis of symmetry. In such anembodiment, the cross section (see FIG. 1) includes two symmetricinwardly concaved parabolas. In one embodiment, the parabola shape has aradius of approximately 10 inches to approximately 50 inches. In oneembodiment, the outer geometry or contour of all parts (e.g., cap 1 andfilter housing 27) is configured to continue the parabolic curve ofbottle 3 continuously and seamlessly. In some embodiment, bottle 3 mayinclude any ergonomic shape such as having a hand shaped indent. Thebottle size and curve geometry may all be designed ergonomically inorder to provide users with a comfortable grip on bottle 3 and fit theaverage human hand, unlike existing reusable water bottles which exhibita trend of being bulbous, oversized and difficult to drink using onehand.

In one embodiment, bottle 3 has an interior volume of less than 2liters, or more preferably less than 1.75 liters, or more preferablyless than 1.5 liters. In another embodiment, bottle 3 has an interiorvolume of less than 1.25 liters, or less than 1.0 liters. In anotherembodiment, bottle 3 has an interior volume of greater than 0.25 liters,or more preferably, greater than 0.5 liters. In another embodiment,bottle 3 has an interior volume of greater than 0.75 L. Bottle 3 may becomprised of any durable material such as plastic, glass, aluminum orsteel. In one embodiment, bottle 3 is comprised of 18/8 stainless steel.In one embodiment, bottle 3 is comprised of a non-leachable, durable andreusable material. In some embodiments, bottle 3 is comprised of anythermoplastic, thermoset, bioplastic, biopolymer, Eastman Tritan®Copolyester, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, polylactic acid(PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS),polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high densitypolyethylene (HDPE), polycarbonate, BPA-free polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),polyester, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polysulfone (PES), polysulphone(PSU), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), stainless steel,glass, silica, bio-derived polyethylene, cellulose acetate, celluloseacetate butryrate, cellulose proprionate, ECM biofilm, PHB biocomposite,plastarch, etc. These materials may be manufactured via blow molding,injection molding, injection blow molding, casting, etc. In oneembodiment, filtering water bottle 5 is comprised primarily of EastmanTritan® Copolyester. In one embodiment, bottle 3 is blow molded into thedesired shape. In another embodiment, bottle 3 is injection blow molded,stretch blow molded, extrusion blow molded, or injection molded. Inanother embodiment, bottle 3 is cast or co-molded. In anotherembodiment, bottle 3 is punch pressed or impact extruded.

In one embodiment, bottle 3 has different interior and exteriorcompositions. In another embodiment, bottle 3 has an interior coating,and exterior coating, a partial coating, or any combination thereof. Inone embodiment, said coating is a powder coating. In one embodiment,bottle 3 has an air gap, a foam, or other insulating material, toinsulate bottle 3. In one embodiment, the plastic resin for filteringwater bottle 5 is mixed with antimicrobial powder that has beenmasterbatched into pellet form and the mixture is injection blow molded,stretch blow molded, extrusion blow molded, or injection molded.

In another preferred non-limiting embodiment of the present invention,bottle 3 is comprised of a BPA-free transparent/translucent polymer.

Pelletized Filtration Media

In a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, filtering media 4may include pellets ranging in size from approximately 1 mm toapproximately 20 mm. In one embodiment, the pellets are enhanced withparticulate filtering agents on their surface to bind contaminants andremove them from water passing through the filter. In one embodiment,the agents have a composition as disclosed by Innova Dynamics, Inc.(formerly, Innova Materials, LLC) in PCT Patent ApplicationsWO/2008/150867 and WO/2010/022353, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplications 61/126,589, 61/189,540, and 61/203,661. These pellets maybe tailored to target different contaminants present in different watersources.

Sachet Filtration System

In a non-limiting embodiment of this invention, high performance filtermedia 21 is placed inside sewn or otherwise sealed sachets and aresituated inside filter housing 27 surrounded by loose filtration media 4(e.g., pellets and carbon). Media 4, 21 are designed to target differentcontaminants present in different water sources. These media include butare not limited to KDF-55, KDF-85, ion exchange media, ion exchangeresin, zeolites, activated alumina, mechanical filtration mesh,oxidation media, activated carbon cloth, carbon mesh, carbon screen,carbon padding, carbon fabric, carbon sponge, carbon foam, carbon felt,absorbent media, adsorbent media, catalytic media or the like. Thefilter segment may emit, release, or dissolve various agents, ions, orchemicals into the filtrate as well. The following are non-limitingexamples: electrolytes, energy enhancers, sweeteners, flavorings,scents, antimicrobials, silver based antimicrobials, texture enhancers,water softening ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, hydrogen ions,anions, or the like.

Secondary Bottle Opening

In a non-limiting embodiment of this invention, there may be a secondopening in the opposite end of bottle 3 with an opening such as a threadconfiguration that allows for several cap types to be screwed on,depending on the use. Examples of accessory caps that may be used withsuch a configuration include a ‘sporty cap’ for quick release of water,a screw cap for wide-mouth use, and a high performance filter “puck”with or without an orifice for drinking.

Filter “Puck”

In one embodiment, bottle 3 includes filter 2 with a bag or chamberaffixed to it which is filled with media. In one embodiment, media 4 isin the form of a replaceable cartridge or puck. This puck may be filledwith high performance filtration media, thus allowing for passive,continual filtration while exposed to water contained within the bottle.

Replacement of Modular Filter Assembly

In one embodiment, when a filter 2 or media 4, 21 arrives at the end ofits lifetime by becoming saturated with contaminants and can no longereffectively reduce contaminants in filtrate, then replacement filtersmay be used in a modular fashion. Additional modular filter assembliesmay be identical to the initial filter included with the bottle and arescrewed onto the bottle body in an essentially identical way.

Drinking Port

A drinking port or straw may be included to provide a more convenientmeans to drinking water from the water bottle body. A one-way stop valvemay be included with the straw, such as a valve activated by mechanicalforce like that applied with the teeth, lips, or mouth, or a cap thatcan selectively close or open the plastic or elastomeric straw tocontrol the water flow through the straw. The straw may also beantimicrobial to prevent the growth of odor or discoloration causingmicroorganisms. In one embodiment, cap 1 is configured to include theport that can be rotated to the open or close position. In anotherembodiment, the port includes a removable straw.

Visual Indicators of Device Performance

In one embodiment, filtering water bottle 5 includes a visual indicatorthat signals the performance of the device. Any visual indicator may beattached to filtering water bottle 5 and includes, but is not limited toany mechanical, chemical, biological, optical, or electronic strip ordevice signaling the lifetime of the filter. As a preferred,non-limiting embodiment, a label may be attached to the bottle datingthe starting and ending dates for use of the filter, useful forinforming the user the date to change the filter.

Performance

In one embodiment, filter 2 may be designed, by choosing the appropriatefilter media 4, media combination, media size, configuration of media,compartmentalization of said media, flow rate, filter shape, etc., tofilter influent water to comply with for instance the NSF/ANSI 42 and/or53 standards. A preferred, non-limiting selection of contaminantconcentrations are listed below for influent and filtrates conforming tothe NSF/ANSI 42 and 53 standards for drinking water.

Influent Challenge Maximum ANSI Concentration. 42/53 Effluent LimitsContaminants (mg/L) (mg/L) Arsenic (5+) (pH 6.5) 0.05 0.010 Arsenic (5+)(pH 8.5) 0.05 0.010 Cadmium 0.03 0.005 Copper 3.0 1.3 Lead (pH 6.5) 0.150.01 Lead (pH 8.5) 0.15 0.01 Mercury (pH 6.5) 0.006 0.002 Mercury (pH8.5) 0.006 0.002 Chloramine 3.0 0.500 Chlorine, residual 2.0 ≧50%remaining TSS (Particulates 0.45 11000 ≧85% remaining um)

In some embodiments, filtering bottle 5 is configured and dimensionedto 1) filter water as water enters the water bottle rather than onlyupon exit, 2) permit a rapid (in some embodiments bi-directional)gravity flow filtration device, and 3) reduce contaminants present ininfluent water with relatively high flow rates (e.g., at least at speedsapproximate to filling and drinking speeds or approximately 0.5 Lpm to 5Lpm) and low contact times. In some embodiments, filter water bottle 5,provides for quicker, better-tasting filtered water on-the-go.

Non-Limiting Example

A filter encasing may comprise total 30-100% 4×8 mesh granular activatedcarbon, 0-30% KDF-55, 0-20% KDF-85, 0-50% weak acid cation exchangeresin, 0-50% mixed bed ion exchange resin, 0-50% anion exchange resin,0-20% iron-based media, 0-30% zeolite, and 1-10% antimicrobial embeddedgranular media. The KDF-55, KDF-85, ion exchange resins, and zeolite inthe aforementioned filter media composition may be enclosed in awater-permeable pouch, sachet, bag, or sock that is strategically placedeither in a layer or in a tubular or essentially spherical shapesurrounded by activated carbon and other media within the tubular filterencasing. The shape of the pouch, sachet, bag, or sock is configured tobalance contaminant remediation efficiency, flow rate, axial flow andradial flow characteristics, etc. The pouch, sachet, bag, or sock, maybe a material comprising nylon, a thermoplastic, polypropylene,polyethylene, polyester, cloth, cellulosic material, or the like, andthe water permeability is dictated by the porosity of the cloth ormembrane.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could bemade to the exemplary embodiments shown and described above withoutdeparting from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood,therefore, that this invention is not limited to the exemplaryembodiments shown and described, but it is intended to covermodifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention asdefined by the claims. For example, specific features of the exemplaryembodiments may or may not be part of the claimed invention and featuresof the disclosed embodiments may be combined. Unless specifically setforth herein, the terms “a”, “an” and “the” are not limited to oneelement but instead should be read as meaning “at least one”.

1-27. (canceled)
 28. A filter apparatus comprising: a filter housinghaving a filter chamber defined at least in part by an inlet mesh and afilter pad disposed opposite the inlet mesh, the inlet mesh having aporosity ranging from approximately 50 microns to approximately 2000microns, the filter pad having a porosity ranging from approximately 50microns to approximately 500 microns; and filtration media disposed inthe filter chamber, the filtration media comprising granular activatedcarbon having a mesh size of 4×8, 6×12, 8×16, 8×30, or 12×30, whereinthe filter apparatus allows for a flow rate of water greater thanapproximately 0.1 Lpm through the filter chamber by the force of gravitywhen the water is supplied to the filter chamber.
 29. The filterapparatus of claim 28, wherein the granular activated carbon has a meshsize of 8×16.
 30. The filter apparatus of claim 28, wherein the inletmesh has a greater porosity than the filter pad.
 31. The filterapparatus of claim 28, wherein the filter apparatus allows for a flowrate of the water of about 0.5 Lpm to about 5 Lpm through the filterchamber by the force of gravity when the water is supplied to the filterchamber.
 32. The filter apparatus of claim 28, further comprising areservoir disposed upstream of and adjacent to the inlet mesh.
 33. Thefilter apparatus of claim 28, wherein the filter apparatus is configuredto reduce at least one contaminant from the water at a flow rate of atleast 0.5 Lpm.
 34. An apparatus comprising: a container having anopening; a filter housing attached to and disposed within the container,the filter housing having a filter chamber defined at least in part byan inlet mesh and a filter pad disposed opposite the inlet mesh, theinlet mesh having a porosity ranging from approximately 50 microns toapproximately 2000 microns, the filter pad having a porosity rangingfrom approximately 50 microns to approximately 500 microns; filtrationmedia disposed in the filter chamber, the filtration media comprisinggranular activated carbon having a mesh size of 4×8, 6×12, 8×16, 8×30,or 12×30; and a cap configured to connect to the opening of thecontainer over the filter housing, wherein the apparatus allows for aflow rate of water greater than approximately 0.1 Lpm through the filterchamber by the force of gravity when the water is supplied through theopening to the filter chamber.
 35. The apparatus of claim 34, furthercomprising a reservoir disposed between the cap and the inlet mesh ofthe filter housing.
 36. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the filterhousing is configured to be removably engaged with the container. 37.The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the granular activated carbon has amesh size of 8×16.
 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the inlet meshhas a greater porosity than the filter pad.
 39. The apparatus of claim34, wherein the filter apparatus allows for a flow rate of the water ofabout 0.5 Lpm to about 5 Lpm through the filter chamber when the wateris supplied to the filter chamber by the force of gravity.
 40. Theapparatus of claim 34, further comprising one or more ventilation holesthrough a wall of the container, the ventilation hole(s) configured topermit flow of air from inside the apparatus to outside the apparatus.41. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the apparatus is configured toreduce at least one contaminant from the water at a given flow rate ofat least 0.5 Lpm.
 42. An apparatus for treating drinking water, theapparatus comprising: a filter housing having a filter chamber; andfiltration media disposed in the filter chamber, wherein the apparatusallows for a flow rate of water greater than approximately 0.9 Lpmthrough the filter chamber when the water is supplied to the filterhousing by the force of gravity.
 43. The apparatus of claim 42, whereinthe filtration media comprises granular activated carbon having a meshsize of 4×8, 6×12, 8×16, 8×30, or 12×30.
 44. The apparatus of claim 43,wherein the granular activated carbon has a mesh size of 8×16.
 45. Theapparatus of claim 42, wherein the apparatus is configured to reduce atleast one contaminant from the water at a flow rate of 1.0-2.0 Lpm. 46.The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the apparatus is configured to reduceat least one contaminant from the water at a flow rate of 3.0-5.0 Lpm.47. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising a container having anopening and a cap configured to connect to the opening of the container,the filter housing attached to and disposed within the container.